Geotechnical Report
The Basis of All Structural Calculations
The Estudio Geotécnico (Geotechnical Report) is the foundation for safe structural calculations and for designing a secure and durable foundation for any building. It must be carried out by geotechnical specialists.
In Spain, geotechnical reports are mandatory for all building projects. The commissioning and coordination of the study is usually the responsibility of the architect or the Arquitecto Técnico (Technical Architect / Aparejador).
- What Does a Geotechnical Report Contain?
The study analyses the site conditions with regard to:
- Soil composition and bearing capacity.
- Groundwater level and permeability.
- Chemical composition.
- Presence of radon and radiological risks.
- Possible contamination.
- Cavities or other geological risks.
The report provides all the data required to ensure that the foundation is safe and durable, and that the structural calculations correctly size the building.
- When Is It Mandatory?
Since the entry into force of the Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE – Spanish Building Code) in 2006, the geotechnical report has been mandatory for all new-build projects and for any intervention affecting the foundations.
It must be submitted together with the Proyecto de Ejecución (Execution Project).
- Plots with Difficult Access
Not all plots allow immediate execution of boreholes. In such cases, a provisional geotechnical report may be submitted, accompanied by an official document in which the architect and the property owner commit to delivering the definitive study as soon as access becomes possible.
- Plots with Existing Buildings to Be Demolished
The Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos (COAIB – Official College of Architects of the Balearic Islands) does not stamp projects with provisional geotechnical studies when there is still an existing building on the plot awaiting demolition.
Therefore, demolition of the existing structure must be completed before the geotechnical study can be carried out. This means that demolition and excavation for the new project cannot be executed immediately one after the other.
Conclusion
Safety starts with the ground. Mallorca’s geology is diverse and complex. The Estudio Geotécnico is both the literal and technical foundation of any construction project on the island: it ensures that planning and execution are adapted to the characteristics of the plot and represents an indispensable step for the success of every building project.
